Fluent wait = Explicit Wait + frequency with which control need to be checked on application + exceptions to be ignored like  NoSuchElementExceptions.

Syntax: 
 

Wait<WebDriver> wait = new FluentWait<WebDriver>(driver)
//Wait for the condition
.withTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
// which to check for the condition with interval of 5 seconds.
.pollingEvery(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
//Which will ignore the NoSuchElementException
.ignoring(NoSuchElementException.class);

Features of Fluent Wait:
In Fluent Wait we define a Maximum amount of time to wait for a condition. Also, we will be defining a Polling frequency time while declaring the Fluent Wait.Fluent Wait will be polling the web pages every Polling frequency time to verify the given condition.

Fluent Wait has Inbuilt exception handler, which will handle NoSuchElementException until given Maximum amount of time has breached.

Refer below Example for Fluent Wait –

package demoPackage1;

import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import javax.lang.model.element.Element;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.FluentWait;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Wait;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import com.google.common.base.Function;


public class ExplicitWait {

  @Test
  public void FluentWaitTest(){
    
    System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C:\\chromedriver.exe");
    WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
    
    driver.navigate().to("http://demowebshop.tricentis.com");
    driver.manage().window().maximize();
    driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    
       // Define fluent wait
       Wait<WebDriver> wait = new FluentWait<WebDriver>(driver)
           .withTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
           .pollingEvery(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
           .ignoring(NoSuchElementException.class);

       WebElement element = wait.until(new Function<WebDriver, WebElement>() 
       {
         public WebElement apply(WebDriver driver) { 
           return driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[@class='ico-register']"));
         } } );
       element.click();
    
    driver.close();
    driver.quit();
  }
}

FluentWait in Selenium WebDriver

To study more about Synchronization in Selenium WebDriver, visit –

a. Why not to use Thread.sleep(); to achieve synchronization in selenium?

b. What is Implicit wait? How to Achieve Implicit wait in Selenium?

c. What is Explicit wait? How to Achieve Explicit wait in Selenium?

d. What is Fluent wait? How to Achieve Fluent wait in Selenium?

e. Which is the best wait in selenium?

Hope this helps !!!!

Explicit wait is a type of synchronization in selenium, which is webelement specific and not applied to driver for his life. Different elements on the page takes different times to load on the page, if we use implicit wait for 10 Sec there is no guarantee that all the elements loaded within 10 sec, some elements may take more than 1 minute, in such conditions Explicit waits can be used to wait for that particular element.

We can tell the tool to wait only till the Condition satisfy. Once the condition is satisfying, the tool proceed with the next step. This can be done with WebDriverWait in conjunction with ExpectedConditions Class.

It is applicable to the given control and waits to the maximum amount of time or move forward in case the given condition is met.

We are explicitly making the execution of selenium code to wait, for a certain condition to occur before, proceeding further in the code.

Syntax:

WebDriverWait.until(condition-that-finds-the-element(ExpectedCondition))

WebDriverWait by default calls the Expected Condition every 500 milliseconds until it returns successfully. Expected condition can be in the form of like:
button is disabled/enabled
textbox is visible
alertispresentExample for Explicit Wait

Hope This Helps !!!!